Shotgun microphone
They are so far the most well-received type of microphone for DSLR. They provide an effective and pretty easy solution for camera videoing. Such highly directional microphones are always long-shaped to help capture sound even from far away that are hard to get to. They are intended to get the sound right in front of the microphone and reject those from sides.
Lavalier microphone
Called “lav mics” for short, they are usually used for product review, filming, and interview, and vlogging. To sum up, they are well suited for the situation where staying close to the sound source is a must. They are always omnidirectional to pick up sound from all sides, suitable for situations controlled with no surrounding noise. They can be wired and wireless, very helpful when hands-free operation is necessary. In general, the systems without wires are priced much higher than those wired. In this article, We list 3 models of such microphones for you to check out.
Headset microphone
These are of course helpful if you’re recording in a noisy place that is crowded by a lot of ambient sound. It is a great solution to help isolate the voice of your target and phase out the rest. However, they are not the most recommended type of DSLR microphone.
Handheld microphone
Handheld microphones probably are the type that most people are familiar with. They are always seen in the hands of those doing interviews or other broadcast work. A few more accessories are needed if you want to attach this type of microphone to your DSLR.